Police Discretion - 1418 Words

Police discretion by definition is the power to make decisions of policy and practice. Police have the choice to enforce certain laws and how they will be enforced. Some law is always or almost always enforced, some is never or almost never enforced, and some is sometimes enforced and sometimes not (Davis, p.1). Similarly with discretion is that the law may not cover every situation a police officer encounters, so they must use their discretion wisely. Until 1956, people thought of police discretion as taboo. According to http://faculty.ncwc.edu/toconnor/ 205/205lect09.htm, The attitude of police administrators was that any deviation from accepted procedures was extralegal and probably a source of corruption. When it was finally†¦show more content†¦If an officer encounters a mentally ill person who is acting out irrationally and who is creating a disturbance, the officer has three options that they can do: (1) transport the person to a mental health facility, (2) arres t the person and take them to jail, or (3) to resolve the issue at hand informally; however this decision is up to the discretion of the officer on the call. Problems arise when police use their discretionary powers when they take into custody drunk drivers. According to http://faculty.ncwc. edu/toconnor/205/205lect09.htm, there are three types of police officers that will make driving under the influence (D.U.I.) arrests. These are (1) rate busters; (2) moralists, or drunk-haters; and (3) bounty hunters, who wish to collect the overtime pay. Then there are those officers that do not make the necessary arrests because they are lazy; have an opinion that D.U.I. s are not a severe problem; or have a lack of faith of the arrest in general. (http://faculty.ncwc.edu/toconnor/205/205lect09.htm) Davis says, Most arrests for disorderly conduct involve an abuse of power by the arresting officerÂ… Arrest of disorderly conduct usually is not synonymous with ‘invoking the criminal p rocess but is synonymous with imposing punishment (p. 14-15). For arresting people accused of disorderly conduct, ThreeShow MoreRelatedPolice Discretion1244 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Police Discretion Jocelyn Golphin University of the District of Columbia Criminal Justice System 2/21/2014 Golphin 2 Police discretion is a very important approach in matters concerning criminal justice. There has been a consistent problem between enforcing the law and the spirit of the law. Discretion in the broader sense can be defined as the individual’s ability to make a decision basing on the principle of courses of the action. During trainingRead MorePolice Discretion1050 Words   |  5 PagesPolice Discretion Police discretion is the ability to choose a course of action because of broad limits of power. It refers to the autonomy an officer has in choosing an appropriate course of action (The Police In America, 113). It includes authority to decide which of the various means of helping the helpless, maintaining order, and keeping the peace are best suited to particular circumstances (www.worldandi.com/specialreport/1989/january/Sa15878.htm). The police need to have discretionRead MorePolice Discretion1548 Words   |  7 PagesPolice Discretion David Gonzalez University of Phoenix Introduction to Policing CJA/370 Professor John W. Feltgen June 23, 2005 Abstract In this paper I will discuss police discretion and the use of these discretionary powers in the law enforcement workplace. I will explore the mythical aspects of police discretionary powers and the source of this myth. I will further discuss the control of discretionary authority. I will name instances of law enforcement officials using their discretionary powersRead MorePolice Abuse Of Discretion And Discretion2015 Words   |  9 Pages Police Abuse of Discretion William Powell Jr. American Military University Professor Robert Arruda CMRJ303 Criminology January 17, 2014 Abstract Utilizing the research from several sources and personal experience, this paper will discuss police abuse of discretion. The paper will begin by defining discretion. The paper will examine several types of discretion variables. The paper will discuss its use in the field and office settings. The paper will discussRead MoreDefinition Of Discretion And Police Discretion2054 Words   |  9 PagesThe term discretion has several meanings the liberty to decide what should be done in a specific circumstance is one general universal definition. But when dealing with criminal justice and police work the description changes a bit. The criminal justice definition of discretion is Police discretion discusses the authority given to a police officer that allows him or her to decide how to best handle a certain situation. This is designed at increasing the flexibility of the criminal justice systemRead MorePolice Discretion2131 Words   |  9 PagesDiscretion is defined as the authority to make a decision between two or more choices (Pollock, 2010). More specifically, it is defined as â€Å"the capacity to identify and to document criminal and noncriminal events† (Boivin ump; Cordeau, 2011). Every police officer has a great deal of discretion concerning when to use their authority, power, persuasion, or force. Depending on how an officer sees their duty to society will determine an officer’s discretion. Discretion leads to selective enforcementRead MorePolice Discretion2677 Words   |  11 PagesFrom a criminological perspective discretion can be defined as the authority granted by law to agencies and officials to act on their own considered judgement and conscience in certain situations; and each area of the legal system (judges, parliament and law enforcement) has its own discretion. Police discretion is the ability granted by the legal system to police offices, in certain situations, to act in a manner that allows authorities to make responsible decisions and individual choices or judgmentsRead MoreEssay on Police Discretion1425 Words   |  6 PagesPolice Discretion Discretion, uncertainly, and inefficiently are rampant and essential in criminal justice. Nobody expects perfection. That would neither be good nor fair. Justice is a sporting event in which playing fair is more important than winning. Law enactment, enforcement, and administration all involve trading off the possibility of perfect outcomes for security against the worst outcomes. Policing is the most visible part of this: employees on the bottom have more discretion thanRead MoreDisadvantages Of Police Discretion835 Words   |  4 PagesAssignment 2 Discretion can be defined as the availability of choice of options or actions. We all use discretion each and every day with all the decisions we make in our day to day lives. With that being said police also use discretion but theirs have the ability to change people’s lives on the daily basis. They have to make those decisions each and every day not knowing how it will affect the person’s life. Discretion is something that is a very necessary part of police work. One of the reasonRead MoreEssay On Police Discretion1053 Words   |  5 PagesPolice Discretion is one of the many tool officers have a choice to use when making decision in enforcing the law. Officer have the option to use discretion were the officers see fit. They do not have to issue a citation or arrest in many cases a warning many be justified. Many of the outcomes could be determine by several factors which include the subjects attitude, the crime and the person past history. In some cases, a subjectà ¢â‚¬â„¢s social status and financial status in the community have also have

Selfdom in Slavedom Gustavus Vassa - 1503 Words

From Africa, to Barbados, to Virginia, to a ship that travels the British Empire, if a steady location were the basis of identity, Olaudah Equiano would surely have none. However, he still develops a specific identity throughout his narrative, a striking task as he is ripped away from the family and culture he is born into and then never remains in one place for too long. In contrast to this, Harriet Jacobs develops an identity based largely on the family and community that surround her. Jacobs and her contemporary, Fredrick Douglass, also are influenced by the diverse and bustling cities that develop after American independence. This difference that develops from Equiano’s time of the 18th century to Jacob’s and Douglass’s 19th century is†¦show more content†¦Instead, he spends his enslaved life travelling and working on a ship and after he buys his freedom he travels even more. This is largely due to the economic conditions discussed before: an emphas is on international slave-trade is combined with the high death rates of the West Indian slaves, cutting down their opportunities to create a more permanent and settled life. On the other hand, Jacobs is born into slavery and raised by her grandmother. We see influences of her family throughout her life, from â€Å"looking up to [her grandmother] with a respect bordering upon awe† to relying on her brother, William, while she waits in the attic to desperately searching for just a view of her children to remind her why she must gain her freedom. Economic developments of the South that led to the reliance on slavery in general and reproduction to further the institution, in contrast to slavery of the 18th century, allowed women like Jacobs to have such strong identities. However, another aspect to take into account is the audience of Jacobs’s story: white Northerners, especially women. Jacobs, who wrote this narrative after she was freed and at the beginning of the Civ il War, uses familial values and experiences, which women hold in common, in order to relate her story to women in the North who could support the abolitionist movement. The growth of cities is another major

Poems from other cultures and Traditions Blessing by Imtiaz Dharker Essay Example For Students

Poems from other cultures and Traditions: Blessing by Imtiaz Dharker Essay Imtiaz Dharker who now lives in India, Bombay, wrote Blessing. The poet describes the land cracking open because it is so dry because of temperature. The poet makes us imagine the echo of dripping water into a tin mug. Then the poet goes on to describe a scene in a village or in a street where there is a small community where water is scares. A water pipe bursts and suddenly there is water rushing out of the pipe. All of a sudden there is a mass of people collecting water in all types of containers big and small. Water is precious and cannot be allowed to just run away. The children run around in the water playing and very joyful of this silver liquid. Blessing is a metaphor for water. She believes that water is a gift from God and with out this element life is not possible. She describes the water dripping into a tin mug and she believes that a friendly God gave the water to them. In verse three there is an emphasis on the idea of water belong treasured, such as fortune, silver and the fact that everyone ruches to collect it and that it cant be allowed to escape. In the poem the people rushes to collect the water a congregation. This is associated with people in a church, attending a religious service. This continues the idea of religious imagery of water is a gift from God, and that it it something holy. In the poem light is used at the end of the poem. It is used to portray happiness of the moment and the wet children playing in the sun just having a good time. Also it continues the religious idea when angels bring good news they are accompanied by bright lights. The light also contrasts the hard dryness of the beginning. The skin cracks like a pod The poet is describing the earth cracking like a pod cracks open. The poet describes the water as silver. This gives a visual image of water shining in the sun and sge describes as treasure. The sound of a roar fo tongues, pictures the noise of the water a sit is comes out. The poet describes the liquid sun, she is describing the liquid sun is the idea of the sun reflected off the flowing water. The children are wet and shine as if polished. The poet includes three alliterations the first is small splash, these are two short words with the liquid s sound and it suggests the little sound of water dripping. The second is the sudden rush, again the liquid s-longer words or groups of sound this time, and it suggests the torrent of water. The third is the flow has found 0 again suggests the movement of water- smooth F sound. Another alliteration is the hard P sound, polished to perfection this suggests brightness. This  is one of the most enjoyable poems I have read because of the imagery and the sounds of imagery that are portrayed in the poem.

Negotiation of Disputes

Introduction Conflicts are a constant reality in our society and the effective resolution of the same may spell the difference between a successful and failed society. It is therefore imperative that the people involved in a conflict resolve the contentious issues constructively. Key to the process of conflict resolution is the use of negotiation tactics and strategies. This is because a deeper understanding of negotiation results in people getting the necessary skills required in diffusing conflicts. Knowledge of the negotiation process is therefore vital for effective conflict resolution. In this paper, I shall give a detailed description of how a merger problem can be solved through negotiation. The steps that should be followed during the negotiation shall also be discussed.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Negotiation of Disputes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Shamir (2003), claims that negotiation can be defined as a form of communication whose purpose is persuasion. The negotiation process is therefore a process by which parties to a dispute discuss possible outcomes to their conflict. The parties involved might choose to adopt one of the two fundamental negotiating approaches: Competition or collaboration. Despite the fact that the proposed merger is beneficial to both companies, we all need to protect our interest to ensure that each company remains relevant after the merger. As such, the fundamentals of negotiation that should be employed in this case are finding resolves through the interests and positions of the parties. Negotiation fundamentals employed in resolving the merger issue The competition approach of negotiation is based on opposing positions (demands), and ends up in a win-lose scenario. Hunt (2009) states that the negotiation process may be futile if a party’s wants are not fully addressed. For example General Dynamics may want a particular price, work schedule or changes in the mode of operation of Lockheed-Martin. In this case, using the demands (positions) of General Dynamics as the baseline for this negotiation would be very important. This is attributed to the fact that if General Dynamics feels like their demands (stand on the issue) have been addressed through the negotiation, they will have no choice but to sign off the merger. However, Lussier (2008) states that while using this strategy, it is always important to ensure that the negotiators demands are also addressed with little to no compromises. Being the negotiator in this case, I have to ensure that the demands of General Dynamics are addressed so that they can agree to the merger. On the other hand, I have to employ the collaborative approach which is based on common interests therefore yielding to a win-win outcome. In addition to the competition approach, I have to find the common interests between our companies and use them as leverage in pursuit of an agreement. Information is important towards a successful negotiation. All companies want to make profits, expand their market base and lower costs. As such, I would ensure that I gather as much information as possible regarding to General Dynamics’ position on these aspects. I would then use this information to present my arguments for this merger. This would ultimately lead to a unanimous consensus and ensure that the merger is a success because the common interests of both firms have been addressed. Negotiation sub processes that will help ensure a successful negotiation The first step in the negotiation process is to describe what it is that you want to negotiate (interests). This is based on the concept that negotiation involves conflicts about particular resources. General Dynamics will therefore identify if there is a situation that needs to be negotiated. Lack of an identifiable area of conflict invariably renders negotiations unnecessary. Having acknowledged the conflict, the n egotiations between General Dynamics and my company can be deemed as being ready to begin. The process ideally begins by both parties presenting their issues which are mostly in the form of demands and goals to be met. A goal is defined as a known or presumed commercial or personal interest of all or some of the parties to the negotiation and it is these goals that set the grounds for the negotiation process (Barry, Lewicki Saunders, 2010). From this an outline of expectations from the parties involved can be made and the agenda for the negotiation process outlined.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Having established the basis for the negotiation, we can now delve deeper into the task. While the preliminary stage acted as ground for negotiation, the information on the issues at hand was only sparingly addressed. The second step involves a deeper probing to enable both p arties understand each other better. As such, this step is characterized by the informational exchange between the parties involved in a bid to establish the real needs and goals. Each side aims at understanding the opponent, their limits and how far they are willing to compromise so as to reach a consensus. Use of open-ended questions and allowing the other party to correct your understanding of the issue are some of the best means of ensuring that a good understanding of the issues at hand is attained. Restatement of information leads to clarity and confirmation thus assuring that communication is effective. A key element in this step is to get as much information as is possible to enable the parties to come up with as many options as are possible. It is in this stage that a person can also gain a better appreciation of the other party’s point of view. This will be hugely beneficial since once you are able to look at the conflict from the other person’s point of view , you can propose solutions that they would find appealing and therefore resolve the issue. Concession trading which is the aim of good negotiation is the next stage in negotiating. Shamir (2003) defines consensus building as a decision and agreement reached by all the identified parties. In this process, each party is required to reduce their demands or aspirations so as to accommodate the other party. Through this process, unanimous agreement over the disputed issue(s) is reached. As such, each side makes some gains and possibly some loses. Conclusion Negotiation is one of the most productive means through which disputes can be successfully resolved. An understanding of the negotiating process greatly empowers a person in his/her negotiating undertakings. In addressing the merger issue between these two companies, the key steps in the negotiation process have been outlined. While the process described herein is basic and might have to be modified to be applicable to the specific d isputes at hand, it provides a good framework for negotiation tasks. An understanding and proper implementation of these process will lead to greater success during negotiations. References Barry, B., Lewicki, R., Saunders, D. (2010). Negotiation Readings, Exercises and Cases. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Hunt, P. (2009). Structuring mergers acquisitions: a guide to creating shareholder value. New York, NY: Aspen Publishers.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Negotiation of Disputes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lussier, R. (2008). Management Fundamentals: Concepts, Applications, Skill Development. San Fransisco, CA: Cengage Learning. Shamir, Y. (2003). Alternative Dispute Resolution Approaches and their Application. Buenos Aires, Argentina: PCCP Publications. This assessment on Negotiation of Disputes was written and submitted by user Senator Bail to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Selecting Methods Example

Selecting Methods Example Selecting Methods – Coursework Example Human Resource: Selection Methods Human Resource: Selection Methods In Human Resource, selection techniques vary often andare predominantly based on the organization’s staff and resources. The selection method that is chosen will influence the kind of employees hired in an organization and consequently the level of productivity of the company. This paper seeks to explain the meaning of quotes by Michael Armstrong and Cary Cooper on selection methods by scholars.Cary Cooper in his Journal, How Well-being Can Help HR regain its Influence admits that â€Å"Every profession is inclined to self examination, and provided it is not rendered a distraction from the daily routines, it is of importance†. A lot can be understood from this quote. According to Cooper, self examination is important in the Human Resource. There is a great need of employees to evaluate themselves and this should be aimed at increasing their productivity or bettering it. The examination should at no case reduce the attention of the worker from the job intended.In his book, the Reality of Strategic Human Resource Management, Armstrong (1994) posits, â€Å"Human Resource strategies should be congruent with the context and the circumstances of the organization†. According to him, organizations are different. The distinctions apply to the way they operate and the kind of human resource they require. Thus, a company is advised not to emulate the same human resource strategies practiced by a different company. A further explanation is that the strategies must be in coherence with the circumstance within that organization. Ipso facto, the strategies for selecting a doctor is different with the ones for selecting an accountant since they are of different contexts. This ensures that the enterprise hires the best personnel. ReferencesArmstrong M & Long P (1994) The Reality of Strategic HRMhttp://books.google.co.ke/books?id=kxa_qKxclqoC&pg=PA28&lpg=PA28&dq=Armstrong+M+%26+Long+P+%28199 4%29+The+Reality+of+Strategic+HRM&source=bl&ots=47iiB50CSo&sig=vNzZcOVKUPSJetb5BF6reTdtfro&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zwR0VN7LIMTuaLT8grgH&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Armstrong%20M%20%26%20Long%20P%20%281994%29%20The%20Reality%20of%20Strategic%20HRM&f=falsePeople Management Journalcipd.co.uk/pm/peoplemanagement/b/weblog/archive/2014/11/24/how-well-being-can-help-hr-regain-its-influence.aspx

The Root Crop Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Root Crop Industry - Essay Example Statistics show that around half the world’s production of root crops is consumed as food. These statistics vary from one country to another. Our ancestors found the first root crops when they were still hunter gatherers, and history is witness to the fact that what these first cultivators found in the wild was what they first experimented with as cultivators. The earliest agricultural system in parts of Africa was based on root crops. Recent studies have shown that the ancient Mayan civilization grew crops such as sweet potato, yams and cassava; so too did some African tribes like the Bantu. Early civilizations in Asia, Africa and South America seem to have been the first to sow and harvest root crops that had previously been gathered in the wild. â€Å"A healthy diet is the cornerstone of a healthy lifestyle,† says Dr.Weil. Root vegetables have been described as â€Å"some of the most overlooked and underappreciated foodstuffs ......nutritional storehouses, hidden treasures worthy of notice† ( Dr. Weil, drweil.com, n.d.) A large proportion of the world’s food supply today consists of root crops that are also used as animal feed. Industrial products such as starch and distilled spirits as well as a wide range of other minor products also are made from root crops. Around half of the supply of root crops grown globally is used for human consumption. This utilization pattern varies from one country to another, with developing nations using a greater percentage of these crops for food, while the developed nations use a larger percentage for animal feed and industrial use. Agro climatic factors define where different root crops are produced. Potatoes seem to have first been cultivated in the Andes, but today are grown at lower altitudes and in warmer climates. Sweet potatoes too are grown in a wide variety of climates and altitudes, but yams are mostly grown in Africa. The fact that these root crops that were cultivated by our early ancestors survive as an

Service Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Service Reflection - Essay Example I once worked at an after school child program where it was my responsibility to help children with their homework. Being a person without very good English skills, I was worried that the children would not understand what was being said, so I was only able to help with mathematics. Mathematics is a universal language so I thought this would make up for my lack of English-speaking skills. It was my responsibility in this role to help children achieve their greatest successes, even when the children were difficult and hard to manage. This is part of Jesus’ teaching on servant leadership: To do unto others as one would have done unto yourself. I tried to remember this when working with small children, as they need a person who is willing to provide patience and understanding even when they are naughty. By not immediately responding to my own attitudes and concerns about my own weaknesses in English teaching skills, I realized that the children had many positive qualities that would help me reach them better. If I had not drawn on these teachings provided by the Holy Bible, I would not have been able to drop my own fears about insecurity. This is why I am thankful for having servant leadership qualities that were given to me by faith and conviction. When working with the children, I realized that they had many needs. Some of these needs were emotional and others were to have help in order to give them better academic successes. Only a good leader that understands the servant leadership beliefs of religion would be able to reject their own needs in order to provide a better learning experience for the small children. When working with one specific child named Patrick, who was very difficult to teach because of his behavior and attitudes, I realized that the many lessons inspired by Jesus Christ would help me to reach him better. I suddenly realized during the experience that this child needed someone who would be tolerant